Problems caused by tree roots are a common concern for homeowners, but they’re also widely misunderstood.

If you’ve noticed a cracked sidewalk, a slightly lifted driveway, or you’re worried about what might be happening underground near your home, you’re not alone. In the St. Louis area, mature trees are a valuable part of the landscape, but their root systems can sometimes create conflicts with the spaces we’ve built around them.

The key is understanding what’s actually happening below the surface and when it’s something to address … or not.

How Tree Roots Really Grow

One of the biggest misconceptions about tree roots is that they grow deep into the ground in search of water. In reality most tree roots grow outward, not downward.

In fact, a large portion of a tree’s root system is found within the top 12 to18 inches of soil. These roots spread well beyond the tree’s canopy, searching for oxygen, moisture, and nutrients.

Because of this, roots often come into contact with sidewalks, driveways, patios, and even underground utilities, not because they’re aggressive, but because that’s where conditions are favorable for growth.

What Causes Damage (and What Doesn’t)

When people think about problems caused by tree roots, they often imagine roots breaking through solid concrete or invading strong foundations. The reality is a bit different.

Tree roots typically don’t have the strength to break intact concrete or push through a solid, well-built foundation. Instead, they take advantage of existing weaknesses.

For example:

• Roots can grow into small cracks in sidewalks or driveways and expand over time, making the damage more noticeable
• They may lift pavement where soil conditions allow for movement
• They can infiltrate older sewer lines or drainage pipes that already have small openings or deterioration

In short, tree roots usually exploit existing problems rather than create them from scratch.

Signs to Watch for Around Your Property

While not every root is a problem, there are some signs that may indicate it’s time to take a closer look.

Watch for:

• Sidewalks or driveways that appear uneven or lifted
• Cracks that seem to widen over time
• Exposed roots near the surface of your lawn
• Drainage issues or slow-moving plumbing (in older homes)
• Soil shifting around patios, walkways, or retaining walls

These are all potential indicators of problems caused by tree roots, especially when they occur near large, established trees.

Trees Commonly Linked to Root Issues

Certain tree species found throughout the St. Louis area are more likely to create noticeable surface root systems.

Silver maples, willows, and poplars, for example, are known for fast growth and aggressive root spread. Pin oaks and other large shade trees such as elms, can also develop extensive root systems simply due to their size and age.

That doesn’t mean these trees are “bad.” In many cases, they provide tremendous value in terms of shade and curb appeal. It just means they require thoughtful placement and, occasionally, proactive management.

What Homeowners Should (and Shouldn’t) Do

If you’re seeing signs of root-related issues, it can be tempting to take matters into your own hands, especially when roots are visible at the surface.

However, cutting or removing roots without understanding the impact can harm or even destabilize the tree. Roots play a critical role in both nutrient uptake and structural support.

Instead, a better first step is to assess the situation:

• How close is the tree to the structure or surface in question?
• Is the issue cosmetic, or is it getting worse over time?
• Is the tree otherwise healthy?

In some cases, solutions may involve minor adjustments, such as grinding and leveling a section of sidewalk. In others, selective root pruning or tree removal may need to be considered.

Prevention Starts with Planning

The best way to avoid problems caused by tree roots is to think ahead.

Proper tree selection and placement go a long way toward preventing conflicts. Planting large shade trees too close to driveways, foundations, or underground utilities can lead to issues years down the line.

If you’re adding new trees to your landscape, it’s worth considering:

• Mature size of the tree
• Distance from structures
• Soil conditions and drainage
• Long-term maintenance needs

A little planning now can save a lot of hassle later.

When It’s Time to Call a Professional

If you’re unsure whether a root issue is minor or something more serious, it’s a good idea to have it evaluated.

A professional tree service can assess the situation, determine whether the tree is contributing to the problem, and recommend options that protect both your property and the health of the tree.

Finding the Right Balance

Trees are one of the most valuable features of any property, but like anything living, they need to coexist with their surroundings.

Understanding problems caused by tree roots helps you make informed decisions, avoid unnecessary worry, and take action when it actually matters.

If you’ve noticed changes around your property or have concerns about tree roots, The Certified Arborists of Hansen’s Tree Service can help you evaluate the situation and talk through practical next steps. Contact us anytime to schedule an assessment.