Can Tree Roots Freeze?

This winter has been an especially difficult one through much of Missouri and the U.S. Temperatures in January reached 0 degrees Fahrenheit, heavy snowfalls, ice and high winds made the winter of 2024-2025 memorable.

This winter wasn’t just tough on humans; it was also brutal on trees and shrubs. One aspect of it, prolonged single-digit temperatures, made more than a few homeowners wonder if tree roots can freeze and if so, will frozen roots kill a tree?

Can Tree Roots Freeze?

The answer is yes, tree roots can freeze, but it depends on various factors, including the type of tree, the soil conditions, and the severity of the winter weather. In general, tree roots are less likely to freeze than the soil above ground due to the insulating properties of the earth and the fact that roots are typically situated several inches below the surface. However, if temperatures drop drastically or if the ground remains frozen for an extended period, it is possible for the roots to freeze.

Trees in colder climates, especially those that are not native to the area or those that are planted in poorly-drained or shallow soil, are more vulnerable to root freeze. Additionally, young or stressed trees with weaker root systems may have a higher risk of damage from freezing temperatures.

How to Tell if a Tree’s Roots Have Frozen

Detecting frozen roots isn’t always easy, as the effects of freezing may not be visible immediately above ground. However, there are a few signs you can look for to determine whether your tree’s roots have been compromised by cold temperatures:

  • Wilting or Browning Leaves – One of the first indicators of root damage is wilting or browning leaves, especially if the tree is showing these signs despite the fact that it should be dormant during winter. This could mean that the roots are unable to take up water due to freezing.
  • Delayed Budding or Growth in Spring – If the tree’s buds fail to develop in the spring or if there is stunted growth, frozen roots may be the cause. Healthy roots are essential for providing nutrients and water to the tree, and without functioning roots, the tree can’t break dormancy properly.
  • Loose or Lifting Bark – In severe cases of root freeze, the tree may exhibit signs of stress such as peeling or lifting bark, particularly near the base or root zone. This can occur when the roots have died, affecting the tree’s overall structure.
  • Sudden Leaf Drop or Fall Color Change – If your tree experiences an early or sudden leaf drop in late autumn or early winter, it may be a sign that the roots are struggling to maintain the tree’s health. In certain cases, trees may experience abnormal color changes in their leaves, such as yellowing or browning, as a result of frozen roots.

Can a Tree with Frozen Roots Be Saved?

The good news is that not all trees with frozen roots are beyond saving. Whether or not your tree can recover largely depends on the severity of the root damage and how quickly you address the issue. If only a portion of the root system is frozen, there’s a chance the tree can bounce back. Trees with a strong, healthy root system and proper care are more likely to recover from root freeze.

However, if the entire root system is frozen or the roots have died, saving the tree becomes much more difficult. In these cases, it might be necessary to remove the tree and replace it with a more resilient one.

How to Save a Tree with Frozen Roots

If you suspect that your tree’s roots have frozen, the following steps can help save it, depending on the level of damage:

  • Assess the Damage – Before taking any action, carefully assess the tree to determine how severe the root freeze is. If you’re unsure, it’s best to consult a tree care professional who can diagnose the issue and recommend a treatment plan.
  • Water the Tree Properly – If you’re dealing with mild to moderate freezing, providing the tree with adequate water can help. Ensure that the tree has access to water during the winter, but avoid over-watering, as this can lead to root rot in warmer temperatures.
  • Mulch Around the Tree – Adding a thick blanket of mulch around the base of the tree can help insulate the roots and protect them from further freezing. Mulch helps maintain a more consistent soil temperature and keeps the roots insulated from extreme cold. Use organic materials such as wood chips, straw, or leaves, and spread the mulch about four to six inches deep, keeping it away from the trunk to prevent rot.
  • Provide Shelter – If possible, provide some physical protection to the tree. Planting evergreen shrubs around it or constructing a windbreak can shield the tree from harsh winds and extreme cold. Wrapping the trunk of young trees with burlap or tree wrap can also provide insulation and prevent frost cracks.
  • Prune Dead or Damaged Growth – If the tree’s foliage or branches have been damaged by freezing, pruning dead or broken limbs can help reduce stress on the tree and allow it to focus its energy on healing. However, wait until spring when the tree begins to show signs of new growth before making major cuts.
  • Fertilize and Care for the Tree in Spring – Once the danger of frost has passed and the tree enters its growing season, use a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth. Be cautious not to fertilize too early, as this can encourage premature growth, which may not survive a late frost. Monitor the tree closely throughout the growing season for signs of recovery.

Preventing Root Freeze in the Future

To prevent root freeze in the future, consider taking proactive steps during the fall. Start by planting trees that are well-suited to your climate, choosing species that can withstand extreme cold. Additionally, ensure the soil around your trees drains well to prevent water from pooling around the roots, which could freeze more easily.

Wrapping the base of young trees with burlap or using winter tree covers can provide an extra layer of protection during particularly harsh winters.

Worried About Harsh Winter Temperatures and Your Trees? We’re Here to Help!

Tree roots can indeed freeze, but with proper care, many trees can survive and recover. By understanding the signs of frozen roots, knowing how to assess the damage, and taking steps to protect your trees during the winter months, you can help ensure your trees stay healthy and thrive in the spring.

Remember, our certified arborists and plant care specialists are experts in guiding homeowners through the process of caring for your trees, shrubs and ornamental plants for your landscaping. They can assess the health of your trees, make recommendations regarding their care.

Contact us today and let our insured, experienced professionals take care of all your tree-related needs!

Share thist article: